Stories/ 夷坚志/ The Four Generals and the River Dragon

The Four Generals and the River Dragon

陽武四將軍

SourceYijian Zhi (Record of the Listener)
AuthorHong Mai
EraJin occupation · c. 1140s, the Huangtong era
Writtenc. 1160–1200
DragonRiver GodSacrifice
Ink-wash: a lone diver rising from churning yellow river water clutching a dragon's head, boats gathered on the bank at noon under a red-stained sky
Illustration generated by AI, based on the ancient Chinese text.

South of the Yellow River, at the Yangwu dike-section northwest of Bianjing, the works were many times broken by torrents; each repair took hundreds of thousands of corvée laborers. In the Huangtong era of Jin it once burst and flooded, and troops were sent to seal it, but what was built in the morning collapsed by evening.

The prefect of Bianjing recruited a strong swimmer to probe the riverbed. An old fisherman said he could stay submerged a full day and night. He was ordered to prepare meat and liquor and first sacrifice to the River God, then was sent down. He came up after half a day and said: “Below lurks a long jiao causing the harm, and that is why the dike will not hold. It must be killed; but I need a treasured sword to manage it. The jiao is fast asleep in a hundred-fathom deep; to behead it will be easy.”

The prefect took an ancient sword from the armory and gave it to him. As he was about to enter, the old man said again: “I wish you would gather the boats along the bank to wait for me; at noon, when the water turns red, order them out to midstream.” At the appointed time the water turned red, and the fisherman rose from the water clutching the jiao’s head and sprang into a boat. The great flood abruptly fell, and the dike was at peace.

The prefect wanted to petition for a military title for him; he declined and would not accept it. Offered much gold and silk, he also declined. Then, in the twinkling of an eye, he died.

The prefect built a shrine for him on the spot and petitioned the court to enfeoff him as the Four Generals, with a statue of the Dragon Girl, the son of Third Lady, set beside him. The responses to prayer were most marked. When they sought the fisherman’s family, no one knew of him, nor had anyone ever asked his surname. Those who understood suspected he was a god.

Original classical Chinese text · 原文

黄河之南陽武下埽在汴京西北數為湍潦所敗每一修築至用丁夫數十萬工金皇統中嘗決溢發卒塞之朝成夕潰汴守募能泅者探水底一漁叟自言能潛伏一晝夜遂命備牢醴先祭河神然後遣之入半日而出下有長蛟為害故埽不能堅非殺之不可須得寶劒乃濟蛟方熟寢于百丈之淵斬之易也守取鎮庫古劍付之將入又言曰願集衆舟于岸滸以相俟至午水變赤色則令至中流及期水赤漁叟攜蛟首奮而登舟洪流陡落埽即寧守欲奏以武爵辭不受多與金帛亦辭旋踵而死守為立祠於其處請于朝封為四將軍以為龍女三娘之子塑像立于傍靈應甚著訪漁之家無有知之者亦不曾詢其姓第識者疑為神云

From 《陽武四將軍》, Yijian Zhi. Translated in full. 下埽 is a river-dike section; 皇統 is the Huangtong era (1141–1149) of the Jin emperor Xizong, marking the tale's setting in Jin-occupied north China; 牢醴 is a sacrificial offering of meat and liquor; 蛟 is a hornless river dragon or flood-serpent. The tale is a foundation myth of a local cult: the dragon-slayer becomes the god.

Source. From Yijian Zhi (Record of the Listener) (夷坚志), by Hong Mai , c. 1160–1200. The original text is in the public domain; this English rendering and the accompanying notes are original work.
Where this fits in the universe: Dragons

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